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Spacetime Cube Monade
Breath
Breathing. Inhaling air and absorbing its oxygen. How to make the energy from oxygen we breathing.We are breathing without consciousness.What's going on in the body during the time?
Digestion
Digestion is how we take life from other things and incorporate it into our own.
The large molecules which composed others are broken down into small ones.
Why the stomach never digest itself, and why the stomach digests only food?
Letfs see details of the digestion process.
Allergen
Hatching out of allergens from pollens of Japanese cedar@33 sec.
In spring, a billion of pollens fly out to the air from a twig of Japanese cedar. A cedar pollen has a spherical shape with a handle as a curling stone. When pollens are inhaled and adhered with mucus in the nose, allergens are hatched from pollens and trigger an allergic reaction.
Ticks and their moving @29 sec.
About four thousands of ticks live in a carpet of about 1.6 m2. Ticks excrete a large volume of droppings which hang in the air and cause allergy in our bodies.
Ciliated cells of the airway @30 sec.
The inside surface of the airway is covered with cilia of epithelial cells. Movements of cilia synchronize and make waves. These cilia waves send dusts and bacteria sticking with mucus blanket out to the throat. By this working the airway is kept clean.
Degranulation of mast cells @29 sec.
Mast cells exist in our skins and mucus membrane. On the surface of mast cells of the allergic patients, a lot of IgE antibodies are expressed and they interact with allergens. Binding of allergens induce degranulation of mast cells, resulting in release of stimulants such as histamine. These events trigger allergic reactions like sneezing, running nose and itch.
Pathogenic Microorganism
Acanthamoeba@26 sec.
We photographed Acanthamoeba, which derived from keratitis patients.
This work is request of Yuko Kamei, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East.(cooperation:Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)
Blood Vessel
Contraction of blood vessels@24 sec.
Smooth muscle cells are girdling a blood vessel like the ring. Contraction of each tiny smooth muscle cell causes blood vessels contraction. By contraction and extension, blood vessels change their wall thickness and control amounts of bloodflow as the need arises.
Vascular smooth muscle cells@44 sec.
Monolayer of vascular smooth muscle cells surrounds a layer of endothelial cells which faces bloodstream. Endothelial cells sense the change in bloodflow rate and inform it to vascular smooth muscle cells. By calcium microscopy and calcium indicator, we can see a change in color of vascular smooth muscle cells from blue to red. It means that the concentration of calcium in these cells increases. And then, blood vessels contract.
Glomeruli of the kidney@17 sec.
The kidney is a purifier of blood. There are approximately one million of glomeruli which are capillary vessels forming complexes like a thread ball. Blood flow into glomeruli and flow out from them. Glomeruli filter off unnecessary substances, and then blood is refreshed.
Blood vessels in the liver and pancreas@32 sec.
Blood rich in oxygen flows from hepatic artery into the hepatic lobules of the liver. Blood rich in nutrition also flows into them from portal vein of digestive tracts. In the pancreas, a lot of hormones, such as insulin, produced by Langerhans' islands are secreted into blood, and blood carries them from head to foot.
Adhesion of white blood cells@59 sec.
A stream of red cells in blood is not visual, because it is too fast. But white cells become visible around the site where inflammation begins. They start rolling on the blood vessel wall and move slow down. Then, they adhere and pass through the blood vessel wall, and run to the inflammation site.
Thrombus@30 sec.
Whitish thrombus is formed mainly from white blood cells inside artery. Insofar as substances from endothelial cells dissolve thrombus, forming of thrombus does not cause problems. Thrombus is repeatedly formed and dissolved, and again.
Arterial sclerosis@36 sec.
What happens in artery of rats fed a high-fat diet too much? Its round slice of a blood vessel was cultured, and we could see that a large number of cells started migration from swelling (atheroma) of blood vessel wall and filled the vessel lumen.
Macrophages become foam cells@37 sec.
Even if you will eat too somewhat, your macrophages, scavenger cells in blood vessels, will wipe away cholesterol accumulating inside the vessel wall. But occasionally, your macrophages become foam cells and burst up because of eating too much.
CG demo.
CG demo. Vol.1@64 sec.
There are a lot of receptors on a cell membrane. Information written on DNA in a nucleus is transcribed to RNA, and then translated into proteins.
CG demo.Vol.2@21 sec.
We can see leukocytes rolling on an inner wall of a blood vessel. Leukocytes hurry to the place making an emergency signal, and get into the tissue.
CG demo. Vol.3@60 sec.
EAbsorbing nutrients at mucus membrane of the intestine.
EErythrocytes carry oxygen to the whole body, after exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen at an alveolus.
EEnergy is produced by an electron-transmission system in mitochondrion in a cell.
CG demo. Vol.4@47 sec.
EBuilding a membrane structure of bacteria.
EBacterial efflux pump is working for antibiotic resistance.
EHow is antibiotic resistance transmitted from a bacterium to another? Transmission of genetic information an antibiotic resistance.
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